What characterizes transactions defined as exceptions?

Transactions characterized as exceptions are defined as those that deviate from the standard processing paths within a system. This means they are abnormal or atypical in some way and require special handling or additional review. For instance, an exception transaction could involve scenarios such as fraud detection, system errors, or discrepancies that need to be resolved before processing can be completed.

While refunds can be part of exceptions, they do not solely define the concept, as not all exceptions involve refunds. Additionally, exceptions by their nature are not always successful; in fact, they often indicate that something went wrong. Moreover, restricting exceptions to only include withdrawals is too narrow, as exceptions can arise in various types of transactions beyond just withdrawals. Therefore, the defining characteristic of exception transactions lies in their abnormal nature, which necessitates a different approach compared to standard transactions.