What does the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) primarily protect?

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely used symmetric encryption algorithm designed to secure sensitive information across various domains. Its primary objective is to protect data integrity and privacy by preventing unauthorized access to encrypted data.

In the context of the options provided, it is essential to understand that while AES can be used to safeguard various types of information, it was specifically adopted by the U.S. government in 2001 to encrypt classified and unclassified information, thus ensuring the security of sensitive data within government communication. This makes the protection of unclassified government information particularly significant as it encompasses a vast array of data that must be shielded from adversaries while not being classified at the highest levels.

Although AES can also effectively protect sensitive bank information, personal consumer data, and commercial transaction details, the correct answer highlights its fundamental role in securing government information, reflecting its primary context of use within national security frameworks. This specific alignment with governmental standards underscores why unclassified government information is the key focus when considering the primary purpose of the Advanced Encryption Standard.