What technology does a firewall utilize to protect a network?

A firewall primarily utilizes traffic regulation and filtering technology to protect a network. This process involves examining incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules. The firewall determines whether the traffic should be allowed or blocked, acting as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet.

By regulating traffic, a firewall can prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data, protect against external threats, and help maintain the integrity of the network. It analyzes data packets and applies rules to either permit or deny traffic based on a variety of criteria, including source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols. This capability is essential for defending against various types of cyber threats, including malware, hacking attempts, and data breaches.

In contrast, the other options do not specifically align with the core function of a firewall:

• A Virtual Private Network (VPN) focuses on secure remote access and data encryption rather than traffic regulation.
• Network routing protocols are used to facilitate data packet forwarding between devices and do not inherently provide security features.
• Data recovery and backup systems are designed for data protection and restoration, which is distinct from the role of a firewall in network security.

Thus, traffic regulation and filtering stands out as the defining function of a firewall in protecting network